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Paul Graham
Worth following

Paul Graham

Startups, and thinking clearly

Essays that shaped how a generation of founders think about building something people want.

UK / USA

Photograph: Crédit photo: Sarah Harlin · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Graham co-founded Y Combinator and wrote a long series of essays about startups, work and thinking that are among the most-read pieces of writing in the field. They are free, they are short, and they age unusually well.

The most quoted instruction is the plainest: make something people want. The essays are largely elaborations of how much harder that is than it sounds and how many ways founders avoid finding out.

Read them for the reasoning

The value is less in the conclusions than in watching someone reason carefully about a messy question. Even the essays about topics you do not care about are worth reading for that.

What they teach

Do things that don't scale

At the start, recruit users by hand, deliver the service personally, do the unscalable thing. It teaches you what the product should be, and the businesses that skip it build the wrong thing efficiently.

Make something people want

The whole of startup advice compressed. The test is not whether people say it is a good idea; it is whether they use it, and whether they would be annoyed if you took it away.

Default alive or default dead

A brutally clarifying question: on your current growth and spending, do you reach profitability before the money runs out? Founders avoid asking because the answer is often no, and knowing early is the whole point.

Where to start

  1. Paul Graham's essays — All of them, free. Start with 'Do Things That Don't Scale' and 'How to Start a Startup'.
  2. Y Combinator's startup library — The wider body of advice from the firm he co-founded.

These links go to their own work. We summarise and point — we do not republish it.

Who it suits

Anyone building something new, and anyone who enjoys watching a careful argument being made.

And who it does not

Written about high-growth technology startups. If you are opening a café, the reasoning transfers and most of the specifics do not.

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